Titanium Powder for 3D Printing Price in San Antonio

Titanium powder for 3D printing price is a critical factor for manufacturers and innovators in San Antonio, Texas. As additive manufacturing, commonly known as 3D printing, continues to revolutionize industries from aerospace to medical devices, the cost of high-quality materials like titanium powder becomes a significant consideration. Understanding the dynamics that influence the titanium powder for 3D printing price in the United States, and specifically in the bustling industrial hub of San Antonio, is essential for businesses aiming to leverage this advanced technology. This article will delve into the various elements affecting the cost of titanium powder, how to find competitive pricing, and what to expect in 2026. We will explore the market trends and provide insights relevant to businesses operating in and around San Antonio, Texas, ensuring you can make informed decisions about your 3D printing material procurement.

Navigating the market for 3D printing titanium powder requires a keen eye on quality, supply chain reliability, and cost-effectiveness. In San Antonio, a city with a growing advanced manufacturing sector, access to affordable and high-grade titanium powder is key to fostering innovation and maintaining a competitive edge. This guide aims to demystify the pricing structures and provide actionable advice for businesses of all sizes, preparing them for the evolving landscape of additive manufacturing in 2026.

Understanding Titanium Powder for 3D Printing

Titanium powder is a finely granulated form of titanium metal, specifically engineered for use in additive manufacturing processes like Selective Laser Melting (SLM), Electron Beam Melting (EBM), and Binder Jetting. These methods build parts layer by layer from a digital model. Titanium’s unique properties, including its high strength-to-weight ratio, excellent corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility, make it an ideal material for demanding applications. However, producing titanium powder suitable for 3D printing is a complex and energy-intensive process, which directly impacts its cost. The primary methods for producing titanium powder for 3D printing include Gas Atomization (GA) and Plasma Atomization (PA). Gas atomization involves melting titanium under an inert atmosphere and then shattering the molten stream with high-pressure gas jets, creating spherical powder particles. Plasma atomization uses a plasma torch to melt and atomize the material, often resulting in higher quality powder with better flowability and fewer satellite particles, but typically at a higher production cost. The specific alloy of titanium also plays a role; for instance, Ti-6Al-4V, the most common titanium alloy, has a different price point than pure titanium or other specialized alloys due to the cost of alloying elements and the precision required in their addition.

The Production Process and Its Cost Implications

The journey from raw titanium ore to high-specification 3D printing powder is intricate. It begins with the extraction and refining of titanium, a process that is more challenging than for many other metals due to titanium’s reactivity at high temperatures. Once refined, the titanium is melted, often using vacuum or inert gas environments to prevent contamination. For powder production via gas atomization, precise control over melting temperature, gas pressure, and nozzle design is crucial to achieve the desired particle size distribution and morphology. Similarly, plasma atomization requires sophisticated plasma torch technology and inert gas handling. Post-production, the powder typically undergoes sieving to achieve a narrow particle size range suitable for specific 3D printing machines, and rigorous quality control checks for chemical composition, particle shape, and flowability. Each stage demands specialized equipment, significant energy input, and skilled personnel, all contributing to the final titanium powder for 3D printing price. The stringent quality requirements for aerospace and medical applications, where material failure is not an option, necessitate advanced testing and certification, further adding to the overhead and influencing the market price.

Key Properties Making Titanium Powder Desirable

Titanium’s appeal in 3D printing stems from a combination of desirable physical and chemical properties that are difficult to replicate with other materials. Its exceptional strength, often exceeding that of steel while being significantly lighter, makes it perfect for aerospace components, high-performance automotive parts, and prosthetics where weight reduction is critical without compromising structural integrity. Titanium’s inherent biocompatibility means it is well-tolerated by the human body, leading to widespread use in medical implants such as hip replacements, dental implants, and surgical instruments. Furthermore, titanium exhibits remarkable resistance to corrosion, especially in environments exposed to chlorides and saltwater, making it suitable for marine applications and chemical processing equipment. These unique attributes justify the higher cost of titanium powder, as they enable the creation of functional, durable, and high-performance parts that can withstand extreme conditions. The ability to 3D print these complex geometries with titanium allows for optimized designs that reduce material waste and improve part performance, a key driver for its adoption despite the initial material expense.

Factors Influencing Titanium Powder for 3D Printing Price in San Antonio

The titanium powder for 3D printing price is not static; it fluctuates based on a multitude of factors, some global and some local to markets like San Antonio, Texas. Understanding these drivers is crucial for budget planning and procurement strategies. The primary elements influencing cost include the grade and alloy of titanium, the production method, powder characteristics, market demand, geopolitical factors affecting raw material supply, and economies of scale. For instance, Ti-6Al-4V powder generally commands a higher price than less complex alloys due to the cost of vanadium and aluminum and the precise control needed during atomization to ensure uniform distribution. Similarly, powder produced via plasma atomization, offering superior spherical morphology and flowability for advanced printing processes, is typically more expensive than gas-atomized powder. The particle size distribution and specific surface area requirements also impact cost, as finer powders often require additional processing and more precise sieving.

Global Market Dynamics and Supply Chain

The global supply chain for titanium sponge and subsequent powder production is concentrated among a few major players, making it susceptible to global market trends and geopolitical events. Fluctuations in the price of raw materials, energy costs (which are significant for melting and atomization), and shipping expenses directly translate to the end price of titanium powder. Trade policies, tariffs, and international relations can also affect supply and cost. For businesses in San Antonio, this means that pricing can be influenced by events occurring thousands of miles away. Disruptions in mining operations, refining capacity, or shipping routes can lead to price volatility and potential shortages. Companies like Maiyam Group, specializing in mineral sourcing and trading, play a vital role in navigating these complexities, aiming to provide stable supply lines and competitive pricing by leveraging direct access to mining operations and managing logistics efficiently. Their expertise in international trade and compliance is essential for ensuring a consistent flow of materials to markets like the United States.

Local Demand and Industrial Application in Texas

The demand for titanium powder in San Antonio is closely tied to the growth of its advanced manufacturing sector, particularly in aerospace and defense, which have a significant presence in Texas. As more companies in these fields adopt 3D printing for prototyping and producing end-use parts, the local demand for titanium powder increases. This localized demand can influence pricing through the principle of supply and demand. However, San Antonio’s position within the broader Texas industrial landscape means that pricing is also affected by statewide trends and the availability of distribution networks. Proximity to major transportation hubs and industrial clusters can sometimes lead to more competitive pricing due to reduced logistics costs and greater supplier competition. The state’s supportive environment for technological innovation and manufacturing can encourage suppliers to establish or strengthen their presence, potentially leading to more favorable pricing for end-users in San Antonio and across Texas. The year 2026 is expected to see continued growth in additive manufacturing adoption, further shaping this local dynamic.

Quality, Purity, and Powder Characteristics

The purity of the titanium powder and its specific characteristics are paramount, especially for critical applications. Higher purity levels and powders with tightly controlled particle size distributions, spherical morphology, and excellent flowability command higher prices. These properties are essential for achieving dense, defect-free parts in 3D printing and ensuring reliable process performance. For example, powders designed for SLM typically need to be spherical and have a consistent particle size to ensure proper powder spreading and laser interaction. Plasma atomized powders, known for their superior sphericity and reduced porosity, are often preferred for high-end applications, justifying their premium cost. Manufacturers in San Antonio requiring materials for aerospace or medical devices will find that the strictest quality certifications and material traceability add to the overall expense. However, the performance benefits and reduced risk of part failure often make this investment worthwhile, influencing the overall titanium powder for 3D printing price considerations for discerning buyers.

How to Find Competitive Titanium Powder for 3D Printing Prices

Securing the best titanium powder for 3D printing price requires a strategic approach, especially in a market influenced by global factors and specialized requirements. Businesses in San Antonio, Texas, can employ several tactics to find competitive pricing without compromising on quality. This involves thorough market research, building strong supplier relationships, understanding bulk purchasing benefits, and staying informed about industry trends. The goal is to balance cost-effectiveness with the assurance of receiving high-quality, reliable material suitable for additive manufacturing processes. By adopting a proactive procurement strategy, companies can mitigate cost fluctuations and ensure a steady supply of essential titanium powders, critical for maintaining production schedules and fostering innovation in 2026.

Direct Sourcing and Supplier Relationships

Establishing direct relationships with reputable suppliers or manufacturers is one of the most effective ways to obtain competitive pricing. Direct sourcing eliminates intermediary markups, allowing for potentially lower costs. Companies like Maiyam Group, with their direct access to DR Congo’s mining operations and their role as a premier dealer in strategic minerals, can offer significant advantages. By working directly with such suppliers, businesses in San Antonio can gain transparency into the supply chain, ensure ethical sourcing, and often negotiate better terms. Building long-term relationships with suppliers fosters trust and can lead to preferential pricing, early access to new materials, and customized solutions. It’s also beneficial to engage with suppliers who understand the specific needs of additive manufacturing and can provide technical support alongside their products.

Bulk Purchasing and Long-Term Contracts

For manufacturers with consistent or high-volume needs for titanium powder, bulk purchasing and long-term contracts can significantly reduce the per-unit cost. Suppliers often offer tiered pricing structures where larger quantities receive substantial discounts. Committing to a long-term contract can lock in a favorable price, providing budget stability and protecting against market volatility, especially important heading into 2026. This approach requires careful forecasting of material needs and a strong understanding of inventory management to avoid overstocking. When negotiating contracts, it’s crucial to clearly define specifications, delivery schedules, quality assurance protocols, and payment terms to ensure mutual benefit and a reliable supply chain. This strategy is particularly valuable for established businesses in San Antonio looking to scale their 3D printing operations.

Comparing Quotes and Market Intelligence

Actively soliciting and comparing quotes from multiple suppliers is a fundamental step in finding competitive pricing. Don’t rely on a single source; obtaining bids from several qualified vendors allows for a comprehensive understanding of the current market rate for specific titanium powders. When comparing quotes, look beyond the price per kilogram. Consider factors such as lead times, shipping costs, minimum order quantities, payment terms, and the supplier’s reputation for quality and reliability. Staying informed about global market trends, raw material costs, and emerging technologies through industry publications, trade shows, and market intelligence reports can provide leverage in negotiations. Suppliers like Maiyam Group often provide market insights as part of their service, helping clients make informed decisions about their procurement strategies in the dynamic global mineral trade.

Leveraging Specialized Distributors and Traders

While direct sourcing is beneficial, specialized distributors and traders can also be valuable partners, especially for accessing a wider range of materials or smaller quantities. These intermediaries often consolidate demand from multiple clients, allowing them to negotiate better prices with manufacturers. They also typically handle the complexities of international logistics, import/export regulations, and local warehousing, which can be particularly helpful for businesses in San Antonio that may not have extensive experience in global sourcing. When working with distributors, ensure they are authorized resellers of reputable powder manufacturers and can provide the necessary certifications and quality documentation. Their expertise in navigating the complexities of the mineral market can simplify the procurement process and offer competitive solutions.

Benefits of Using Titanium Powder in 3D Printing

The adoption of titanium powder in 3D printing unlocks a plethora of benefits that drive innovation and efficiency across numerous industries. Its unique material properties, combined with the design freedom afforded by additive manufacturing, allow for the creation of parts with unprecedented performance, complexity, and customization. These advantages are increasingly recognized by manufacturers in San Antonio, Texas, and globally, as they seek to push the boundaries of what’s possible in product design and functionality. The benefits extend from enhanced mechanical performance to significant cost savings through optimized design and reduced waste, making titanium powder a strategic material choice for advanced manufacturing in 2026 and beyond.

Unmatched Strength-to-Weight Ratio

One of the most compelling benefits of titanium powder in 3D printing is its exceptional strength-to-weight ratio. Titanium alloys are as strong as many steels but are approximately 45% lighter. This property is invaluable in industries like aerospace, where reducing aircraft weight directly translates to lower fuel consumption and increased payload capacity. In the automotive sector, lighter components improve fuel efficiency and performance. For portable medical devices and prosthetics, reduced weight enhances user comfort and mobility. 3D printing further optimizes this benefit by allowing for the creation of intricate, lattice-like structures or topology-optimized designs that maximize strength while minimizing material usage and overall part weight. This capability allows engineers to design lighter, stronger components than were previously possible with traditional manufacturing methods.

Exceptional Corrosion Resistance

Titanium’s inherent resistance to corrosion is another significant advantage, particularly in harsh environments. It forms a stable, protective oxide layer on its surface that acts as a barrier against chemical attack. This makes titanium powder an ideal choice for applications involving exposure to corrosive chemicals, saltwater, or bodily fluids. In the chemical processing industry, titanium components can withstand aggressive reagents that would rapidly degrade other metals. For marine applications, its resistance to saltwater corrosion prevents degradation and extends component lifespan. In the medical field, this property is crucial for implants that remain in the body for extended periods, preventing adverse reactions and ensuring the longevity of the implant. This durability reduces maintenance costs and enhances the reliability of components made from titanium powder.

Biocompatibility for Medical Applications

The excellent biocompatibility of titanium is a primary reason for its widespread use in the medical and dental fields. Titanium and its alloys do not trigger adverse immune responses or toxic reactions when implanted in the human body. This allows for the successful creation of a wide range of medical devices, including orthopedic implants (hip, knee, and joint replacements), spinal fusion devices, dental implants, and surgical instruments. 3D printing titanium powder enables the production of patient-specific implants tailored to individual anatomy, leading to better fit, improved surgical outcomes, and faster recovery times. The porous structures that can be printed also encourage bone integration (osseointegration), further enhancing the stability and success rate of implants. This level of customization and performance is unparalleled, making titanium powder a vital material for modern healthcare innovation.

Design Freedom and Complex Geometries

Additive manufacturing with titanium powder offers unparalleled design freedom. Unlike subtractive manufacturing methods that are limited by tooling access and material removal, 3D printing can create highly complex internal structures, intricate lattices, and organic shapes that are impossible or prohibitively expensive to produce otherwise. This allows engineers to optimize designs for specific functions, such as improving heat dissipation, fluid flow, or mechanical performance. For example, internal cooling channels can be designed directly into tools or components, enhancing efficiency. Topology optimization techniques can be employed to remove unnecessary material, creating lightweight yet robust structures. This ability to consolidate multiple parts into a single printed component also reduces assembly time and potential points of failure, streamlining production and enhancing overall product performance.

Top Titanium Powder for 3D Printing Options in 2026

As the additive manufacturing landscape continues to evolve, the selection of high-quality titanium powder for 3D printing becomes paramount for achieving optimal results. For businesses in San Antonio, Texas, and across the United States, understanding the leading suppliers and their offerings is key to making informed procurement decisions in 2026. While Maiyam Group is a premier dealer in strategic minerals, offering a broad portfolio, specialized titanium powder manufacturers and distributors are also crucial players in this niche market. The choice often depends on specific application requirements, desired powder characteristics, volume needs, and budget considerations. Here, we highlight some key players and considerations for sourcing premium titanium powders.

1. Maiyam Group

Maiyam Group stands out as a leading provider of industrial minerals and commodities, including titanium minerals. While they may not exclusively focus on 3D printing grade powders, their expertise in sourcing and refining raw materials, coupled with a commitment to certified quality assurance and direct access to mining operations, positions them as a potential supplier for titanium feedstocks or specific industrial grades. Their comprehensive portfolio and established global trade network mean they can offer competitive pricing and reliable supply chains, especially for bulk requirements. For businesses seeking a reliable, ethically sourced mineral partner, Maiyam Group offers a robust solution, connecting Africa’s abundant resources to global industries. Their understanding of international compliance and logistics is particularly valuable for companies like those in San Antonio looking for dependable mineral suppliers.

2. AP&C (A GE Additive Company)

AP&C is a globally recognized leader in the production of high-quality metal powders for additive manufacturing, with a strong focus on titanium and titanium alloys like Ti-6Al-4V. They utilize advanced plasma atomization technology to produce powders with excellent sphericity, high purity, and consistent particle size distribution, making them ideal for demanding applications in aerospace, defense, and medical industries. Their powders are known for their superior flowability, which is crucial for consistent printing performance. AP&C’s commitment to quality control and extensive testing ensures that their materials meet the stringent requirements of additive manufacturing processes, making them a go-to choice for many high-end users.

3. EOS GmbH Electro Optical Systems

EOS is a pioneer and leading global provider of additive manufacturing solutions, including a wide range of high-performance materials, among which titanium powders are prominent. They offer different grades of titanium powders, such as EOS Titanium Ti6Al4V ELI (Extra Low Impurities), specifically designed for their DMLS (Direct Metal Laser Sintering) systems. This alloy is characterized by its excellent biocompatibility and mechanical properties, making it suitable for medical implants and complex aerospace components. EOS ensures that their materials are optimized for their machines, guaranteeing high process reliability and part quality, which translates into predictable titanium powder for 3D printing price and performance for users.

4. Sandvik

Sandvik is a global leader in high-performance metals and alloys, and they offer a selection of titanium powders for additive manufacturing under their Osprey brand. They specialize in producing powders with tightly controlled characteristics, including specific particle size distributions and high purity, catering to the most demanding industrial applications. Sandvik’s expertise in metallurgy and powder production processes, such as gas atomization, ensures the delivery of consistent, high-quality titanium powders suitable for both laser and electron beam powder bed fusion technologies. Their strong focus on research and development means they are often at the forefront of material innovation in the AM space.

5. SLM Solutions Group AG

SLM Solutions is another key player in the metal 3D printing industry, offering both advanced printing systems and a range of high-quality metal powders. They provide titanium powders, including Ti-6Al-4V, that are optimized for their Selective Laser Melting (SLM) machines. Their materials are rigorously tested to ensure they meet the demanding specifications required for aerospace, medical, and other high-tech applications. By offering integrated solutions that combine hardware, software, and materials, SLM Solutions aims to provide customers with a seamless and efficient additive manufacturing experience, influencing the overall value proposition associated with their material pricing.

When selecting a supplier, it is crucial to consider factors beyond the immediate titanium powder for 3D printing price. Evaluating the supplier’s technical support, material certifications, consistency, lead times, and overall reliability is essential for long-term success in additive manufacturing. For businesses in San Antonio, engaging with companies that understand the local industrial landscape and can offer logistical support can further enhance the procurement process.

Cost and Pricing for Titanium Powder for 3D Printing

The titanium powder for 3D printing price can vary significantly, reflecting the complex production processes, high-quality standards, and specialized nature of the material. Understanding the factors that contribute to this cost is essential for budgeting and making informed purchasing decisions, particularly for businesses in San Antonio, Texas. While exact pricing is often proprietary and subject to market fluctuations, an overview of the pricing structure can help manage expectations and identify cost-saving opportunities. The year 2026 is likely to see continued evolution in pricing as technology advances and supply chains stabilize or adapt.

Pricing Factors for Titanium Powder

Several key elements contribute to the overall cost of titanium powder for 3D printing: the grade of titanium (e.g., Ti-6Al-4V, pure titanium, or other alloys), the manufacturing process (gas atomization vs. plasma atomization), powder characteristics (particle size distribution, morphology, purity), quality certifications and traceability requirements, order volume, and the supplier’s overhead and profit margins. For instance, higher-purity alloys like Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Extra Low Impurities), often required for medical implants, command a premium over standard grades. Plasma atomized powders, offering superior properties, are generally more expensive than gas atomized powders due to the advanced technology and energy involved. Minimum order quantities (MOQs) also play a role; smaller batches typically have a higher per-kilogram price than larger, bulk orders.

Average Cost Ranges in the United States

In the United States market, the price for 3D printing grade titanium powder can range broadly, typically from $100 to $300 per kilogram, and sometimes even higher for highly specialized or certified grades. Factors such as current raw material costs for titanium sponge, energy prices, and prevailing market demand heavily influence these figures. For example, aerospace-grade, fully certified Ti-6Al-4V powder with stringent quality controls could easily fall into the upper end of this range or exceed it. Conversely, for less critical applications or if sourcing directly from primary producers with large order volumes, prices might be closer to the lower end. It is important to note that these are general estimates, and actual quotes can vary significantly based on the specific supplier and the exact specifications required. Businesses in San Antonio should obtain personalized quotes for accurate pricing.

How to Get the Best Value and Manage Costs

To secure the best value for titanium powder for 3D printing price, companies should focus on total cost of ownership rather than just the per-kilogram price. This involves evaluating the powder’s performance characteristics against application requirements. Sometimes, a slightly more expensive powder that guarantees higher print success rates, better part quality, and reduced post-processing can be more cost-effective in the long run. Strategies to manage costs include: ordering in bulk to leverage quantity discounts, entering into long-term supply agreements to lock in prices, exploring different alloy grades to find the most suitable and cost-effective option for the specific application, and working with trusted suppliers like Maiyam Group who can offer competitive pricing and supply chain stability. Thoroughly vetting suppliers for quality assurance and reliability is crucial to avoid costly errors or production delays. Engaging with technical experts and understanding the full lifecycle cost of the material are key to achieving optimal value.

Common Mistakes to Avoid with Titanium Powder for 3D Printing

While titanium powder offers incredible potential for advanced manufacturing, several common pitfalls can lead to suboptimal results, increased costs, and production delays. Being aware of these mistakes allows businesses in San Antonio, Texas, to navigate the complexities of using this advanced material more effectively. From selecting the wrong powder grade to improper handling, these errors can undermine the benefits of additive manufacturing. Avoiding these issues is crucial for successful implementation and achieving the desired performance and cost efficiencies in 2026.

1. Mistake 1: Using non-3D printing grade powder

   One of the most critical errors is attempting to use titanium powder intended for other industrial applications (e.g., metallurgy, pigments) in a 3D printer. Such powders often have unsuitable particle sizes, irregular shapes, or impurities that can lead to printing failures, poor part density, machine damage, and inconsistent results. Always ensure the powder is specifically manufactured and certified for additive manufacturing processes like SLM or EBM.

2. Mistake 2: Neglecting powder handling and storage protocols

   Titanium powder is sensitive to moisture and contamination. Improper handling and storage can lead to oxidation, clumping, and degradation of its properties, affecting printability and part quality. Powders should be stored in sealed containers under an inert atmosphere (like argon) in a dry environment, away from direct sunlight and heat sources. Strict adherence to Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) is essential.

3. Mistake 3: Overlooking particle size distribution (PSD)

   The PSD of the titanium powder is critical for successful powder bed fusion. A powder with a PSD that is too broad or not optimized for the specific printer and process parameters can result in poor powder spreading, voids, and reduced part density. Suppliers typically specify the optimal PSD range for their powders; selecting a powder that matches your machine’s capabilities is vital.

4. Mistake 4: Ignoring material specifications and certifications

   For critical applications, especially in aerospace and medical fields, using powder that meets specific material standards (e.g., ASTM, ISO) and has full traceability is non-negotiable. Failing to verify certifications can lead to non-compliance, part failures, and significant safety risks. Always obtain and review the material certifications from your supplier.

5. Mistake 5: Underestimating the cost and complexity of the entire process

   The titanium powder for 3D printing price is only one part of the equation. The total cost includes the 3D printer, operational costs (energy, inert gas), post-processing (heat treatment, machining, surface finishing), and quality control. Underestimating these factors can lead to budget overruns and a skewed perception of the technology’s economic viability.

By understanding and proactively avoiding these common mistakes, businesses can maximize the benefits of using titanium powder in their 3D printing endeavors, ensuring higher quality parts, greater process efficiency, and a more reliable return on investment.

Frequently Asked Questions About Titanium Powder for 3D Printing

Conclusion: Choosing Your Titanium Powder for 3D Printing in San Antonio

As additive manufacturing continues its rapid expansion, the strategic procurement of high-quality titanium powder for 3D printing price becomes a cornerstone of success for manufacturers in San Antonio, Texas, and beyond. The unique properties of titanium—its exceptional strength-to-weight ratio, superior corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility—make it an indispensable material for creating advanced components across aerospace, medical, defense, and automotive sectors. Understanding the multifaceted factors influencing pricing, from global supply chain dynamics and production methods to local demand and specific powder characteristics, is crucial for making informed decisions. By employing strategies such as direct sourcing, building strong supplier relationships, leveraging bulk purchasing, and diligently comparing quotes, businesses can secure competitive pricing without compromising on quality. Companies like Maiyam Group offer valuable expertise in navigating the global mineral market, while specialized AM powder producers ensure access to cutting-edge materials optimized for 3D printing. As we look towards 2026, the landscape of titanium powder for 3D printing will continue to evolve, driven by technological advancements and increasing industry adoption. Making the right choices now will position your San Antonio-based operations for sustained innovation and competitive advantage.

Key Takeaways:

• Titanium powder’s unique properties enable high-performance applications in demanding industries.
• Pricing is influenced by alloy grade, production method, quality certifications, and order volume.
• Strategic sourcing, supplier relationships, and bulk purchasing are key to competitive pricing.
• Consider the total cost of ownership, not just the per-kilogram price.
• Always ensure powder meets specific 3D printing requirements and relevant industry standards.